What temperature range is recommended for effectively performing sterilization using an autoclave?

The optimal temperature range for effective sterilization using an autoclave is typically around 121° to 123° C. This range is critical because it is sufficiently high to ensure the destruction of all forms of microbial life, including bacterial spores, which are among the toughest microorganisms to kill. The pressure in the autoclave allows water to reach this temperature without boiling, which enhances the effectiveness of the process.

Thermal death point and time are essential considerations in sterilization, and the parameters of 121° to 123° C generally require a minimum exposure time, often around 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the load type. Using lower temperatures would be insufficient to achieve complete sterilization, while significantly higher temperatures could compromise the integrity of certain materials and items being sterilized. Therefore, the range of 121° to 123° C is the established standard for effective sterilization practices using autoclaves.