What process is achieved through dry heat, moist heat, and ionizing radiation?

The process achieved through dry heat, moist heat, and ionizing radiation is sterilization. Sterilization is a method used to eliminate all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, from an object or surface.

Dry heat sterilization involves using hot air that is free from moisture at high temperatures to kill microorganisms. Moist heat sterilization, commonly known as autoclaving, uses steam under pressure to achieve high temperatures that effectively destroy pathogens and spores. Ionizing radiation employs high-energy radiation to disrupt the DNA of microorganisms, effectively rendering them nonviable.

Each of these methods is critical in settings such as healthcare and laboratory environments to ensure that instruments and materials are free from any living microorganisms, thus ensuring patient safety and preventing infections. Other processes, like disinfection and sanitation, aim to reduce the number of microorganisms but do not guarantee the complete elimination of all microbes, which is the defining feature of sterilization.